Craniosynostosis – Epidemiology, Genetics, Classification

Craniostenoses (CS) are cranial deformities due to premature closure of cranial sutures. They may be detected prenatally and are classified as syndromic or non-syndromic, with some cases having mixed genetic and environmental causes. Syndromic CS affect facial and skeletal bones, while non-syndromic cases result in typical deformities based on the involved sutures. Genetic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities contribute to CS, with emerging inhibitors for some. Classification relies on clinical and genetic factors. Approximately 25% of cases are syndromic, and while many causes are known, about 10% remain undetermined. Treatment depends on the severity and type of CS